Literature used to determine the maintenance energy requirements (MER; kcal.day−1) for adult dogs.

1Size subjectively scored as toy, small, medium, large, and giant, using the criteria of Hawthorne et al 2004 [18] and Hosgood & Scholl 1998 [85].2For most groups, activity level was classed as low (3 h/day) based upon the criteria of Butterwick and Hawthorne (1998) [7]; however, activity levels were classed as ‘resting’ when measurements were taken either when lying still in lateral recumbency or when cage rested. BCS: body condition score; BW: body weight; DLW: doubly-labelled water; F: female; FE: feeding experiment; I: intact; IC: indirect calorimetry; M: male; MER: maintenance energy requirement; Mix: study contains a mix of dogs with different neuter status; Mixed: either dogs of mixed breeding or a range of breeds represented; Neu: neutered; SD: standard deviation.Literature used to determine the maintenance energy requirements (MER; kcal.day−1) for adult dogs.