RHOQ GTPase cycle

This pathway catalogues RHOQ (also known as TC10) guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase activator proteins (GAPs), and RHOQ effectors. No GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) have been shown to interact with RHOQ. Two GDIs, ARHGDIA (also known as Rho-GDI alpha) (Michaelson et al. 2001; Murphy et al. 2001) and ARHGDIB (also known as D4-GDI) (Zhang et al. 2009), were specifically shown not to interact with RHOQ. RHOQ, together with RHOJ (TCL), belongs to the CDC42 subfamily of RHO GTPases, with the three family members sharing 65-85% of homology (Murphy et al. 1999, Vignal et al. 2000, Donnelly et al. 2014; Shi et al. 2016). RHOQ is highly activated on exocytosing vesicles and recycling endosomes. RHOQ GTPase activity is necessary for fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane (Kawase et al. 2006, Donnelly et al. 2014). RHOQ is required for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (Kanzaki and Pessin 2003; Saltiel and Pessin 2003) and is involved in insulin signaling in adipocytes (Satoh 2014). While some studies reported RHOQ involvement in neurite outgrowth (Abe et al. 2003, Gonzalez‐Billault et al. 2012) and regulation of membrane addition during axon formation (Dupraz et al. 2009, Gonzalez‐Billault et al. 2012), other studies failed to identify RHOQ as a regulator of neurite outgrowth (Murphy et al. 1999, Murphy et al. 2001).

本路径图收录了RHOQ（亦称TC10）鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子（GEFs）、GTPase激活蛋白（GAPs）及RHOQ效应物。尚未有GDP解离抑制剂（GDIs）与RHOQ发生相互作用的证据。两个GDIs，即ARHGDIA（亦称Rho-GDI alpha）（Michaelson等，2001；Murphy等，2001）和ARHGDIB（亦称D4-GDI）（Zhang等，2009），已被明确证明不与RHOQ相互作用。RHOQ与RHOJ（TCL）共同隶属于RHO GTPases的CDC42亚家族，三者共享65-85%的同源性（Murphy等，1999，Vignal等，2000，Donnelly等，2014；Shi等，2016）。RHOQ在胞吐小泡和内体回收过程中高度活化。RHOQ GTPase活性对于小泡与质膜的融合至关重要（Kawase等，2006，Donnelly等，2014）。RHOQ对于胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取是必需的（Kanzaki和Pessin，2003；Saltiel和Pessin，2003），并参与脂肪细胞中的胰岛素信号传导（Satoh，2014）。尽管有研究报道RHOQ在神经突生长（Abe等，2003，Gonzalez-Billault等，2012）以及轴突形成过程中膜添加的调节（Dupraz等，2009，Gonzalez-Billault等，2012）中发挥作用，但其他研究未能将RHOQ识别为神经突生长的调节因子（Murphy等，1999，Murphy等，2001）。