Predicting rLDH after PELD using a temporally validated nomogram

To develop and temporally validate a clinical nomogram for preoperative prediction of rLDH risk. The dataset is provided as an Excel file (.xlsx) and includes patient-level information on demographics, anthropometric measures, radiological parameters, and surgical characteristics. It contains structured clinical data used to develop and validate a predictive model for rLDH. Specifically, the data comprise: Age (years) Sex (male/female) Body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) Imaging-derived parameters (e.g., DHI,sROM) Surgical parameters ([briefly list, e.g., operation time, surgical approach]) Outcome variables ([e.g., rLDH occurrence])