Data from: Genetic and environmental similarities drive repeated genomic evolution in island lizards

Repeated adaptation provides valuable insights into the predictability of
evolution. Population history, selection and stochastic processes can
concur to generate a continuum from distinct to highly parallel
evolutionary trajectories across replicate populations. Yet, the role of
genetic and environmental factors in shaping this continuum remains
underexplored. We quantified repeated genetic adaptation in lizards that
colonized multiple islands with comparable environmental gradients,
investigating whether environmental-dependent and divergence-dependent
processes can explain the degree of repeated adaptation (genetic reuse and
trajectory similarity). We found 149 genes exhibiting repeated adaptation
in multiple islands, some of which are likely involved in thermal
physiology and developmental processes. Genetic reuse was stronger at the
functional level than at the mutation level and exceeded random
expectations, highlighting that different genetic combinations can
generate similar functional outcomes. Adaptive trajectories were more
similar between islands with low genetic differentiation and similar
environmental conditions, but the effects of genetic and environmental
factors vary across the diverse facets of repeatability. Overall, our
findings reveal the extent and conditions under which local adaptation is,
in part, predictable.