Intestinal Microbiota in Adults with Cholangiocarcinoma: Characteristics and Biomarker Identification

This study investigated the gut microbiota profiles of 52 participants, including 23 cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients and 29 healthy controls (HC), recruited from two clinical centers at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. Participants were matched by residential area, and clinical, socioeconomic, and demographic data were collected via questionnaires and medical records. CCA diagnosis was confirmed through imaging and histopathological examinations, while healthy controls had no cancer history and were recruited during routine check-ups. Samples from individuals using antibiotics or antifungals were excluded to minimize confounding effects on gut microbiota.