A new species in Iris section Pseudoregelia (Iridaceae) from Gansu, China

Iris longnanensis Z.F. Bai, Y.E. Xiao, F.Y. Yu (Iridaceae: subgenus Iris section Pseudoregelia), a novel herbaceous species native to the arid and thermal valleys of Longnan city, Gansu province, China, is herein described and illustrated. Morphologically akin to I. leptophylla Lingelsheim, I. longnanensis is distinguished by its dense, persistent foliage and strikingly short new leaves (6.6–15.1 cm) during the blooming season, along with its distinctive purplish-brown flowering stem. Phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast DNA sequences corroborate the classification of I. longnanensis within section Pseudoregelia, highlighting the significance of this new species discovery for understanding the evolution and diversity within the genus., Living specimens and vouchers were examined from mid-March to mid-June in 2023. Ten randomly selected individuals of the new species were used for the morphometric surveys (Table 1). Additionally, the new species was compared with herbarium sheets at the herbaria E, BNU, CAS, NAS, CDBI, EE, HNWP, IATM, IBSC, IFP, KUN, NAS, PE and SG, and with the original descriptions of I. dolichosiphon, I. dolichosiphon subsp. orientalis, I. cuniculiformis, I. goniocarpa, I. goniocarpa var. tenella, I. hookeriana, I. leptophylla, I. narcissiflora, I. pandurata, I. sichuanensis, I. kemaonensis, I. pandurata, and I. tigridia. (No specimen of I. sikkimensis was available.)
Taxon sampling for the phylogenetic analysis
The Longnan species and 11 species/varieties in Iris subg. Iris (I. bloudowii, I. cuniculiformis, I. goniocarpa, I. goniocarpa var. tenella, I. leptophylla, I. mandshurica, I. sichuanensis, I. pandurata, I. tigridia, I. mandshurica, and I. bloudowii), two sister species to I. subgen. Iris (I..., , # A new species in Iris section Pseudoregelia (Iridaceae) from Gansu, China

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.70rxwdc7h](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.70rxwdc7h)

## Description of the data and file structure

Genomic DNA was extracted from silica-dried leaf materials of the Longnan species (two individuals) and the other species using a commercial plant genomic DNA extraction kit (CW0531; CWBIO, Jiangsu, China). We constructed a library with an average length of 350 bp using the Illumina DNA Library Preparation Kit (E7370L; NEB, USA), which was then sequenced on the NovaSeq 6000 platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA). *De novo* assembly was performed on the clean data using SPAdes v.3.14.1, and k-mer values of 105 were set to obtain the graph file. Then, the redundant contigs were removed visually using the Bandage software and edited into a circular form. The circular sequence thus obtained is the complete chloroplast genome sequence.

### Files and variables

#### File: sequence\_data.zip
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