MORE:MOloch-downscaled ERA5 REanalysis (MORE), Version 1 (1991–2020)

The MOloch-downscaled ERA5 Reanalysis (MORE) is a high-resolution convection-permitting reanalysis dataset over Italy and the Alpine region, produced through dynamical downscaling of ERA5 using the non-hydrostatic mesoscale model MOLOCH. MORE provides continuous hourly data from 1990 to the present at a spatial resolution of approximately 1.7 km Version 1.0 release The first release (v1.0) of MORE provides hourly near-surface (2 m) air temperature and precipitation fields for the period 1991–2020. Future releases will include additional atmospheric, soil, and surface variables, such as wind components, humidity, soil moisture and temperature, surface fluxes, cloud cover, and pressure-level fields. Version 1.0 is archived on Zenodo under the present DOI. The complete dataset, including all variables, will be progressively released through the CNR internal repository and assigned a dedicated DOI once the data collection is fully consolidated. File format and structure Format: NetCDF (CF-compliant), compressed in .tar.gz archives Grid: regular latitude–longitude (768 × 960 points) Time dimension: unlimited, expressed as “hours since 1991-01-01 00:00:00” using the proleptic Gregorian calendar File naming convention: more_YYYY.tar.gz, where YYYY indicates the year of the data contained in the archive Spatial and temporal coverage Horizontal resolution: ~1.7 km Domain: Italy and Alpine region Period: 1991 – 2020 Temporal resolution: hourly Main dimensions time (unlimited) lon (768) lat (960) height, height_2 (surface reference levels, e.g., 2 m, 10 m) depth, depth_2 (soil levels) 950, 850, 700, 500, 300 hPa (pressure levels, varying by variable) Example of available variables in v1.0 Near-surface: 2 m temperature, precipitation Full variable list in future releases Near-surface: dewpoint, specific and relative humidity, 10 m wind components, maximum 10 m wind, surface pressure, snowfall, soil temperature and moisture, surface fluxes (sensible/latent heat, radiation), planetary boundary layer height, CAPE, CIN, lifted index Clouds: total, low, medium, high cloud cover Column-integrated: total water vapour, vertically integrated water vapour fluxes Pressure levels: temperature, geopotential height, wind components, relative humidity, vertical velocity, potential vorticity, potential temperature Funding Financial support is acknowledged from Next Generation EU, Mission 4, Component 1, CUP B53D23006850006, project “unveilINg pasT Events foR dROught risk mitiGATION (INTERROGATION)”