Results of multiple regression on distance matrices analyses (MRMs) run on ground layer species turnover in 11 old-growth beech forest stands in southern Europe.

The full model includes all the explanatory variables that were retained after backward elimination in the models accounting for 1. forest structure, 2. abiotic environmental factors and 3. spatial distances. Str:Env|Spa = Joint effect of structural and abiotic environmental differences after controlling for the effect of spatial distance. Str:Env:Spa = Joint effect of all three types of dissimilarities.