Premotor Symptoms as Predictors of Outcome in Parkinsons Disease: A Case-Control Study

BackgroundTo evaluate the association between the premotor symptoms and the prognosis of PD.MethodsA total of 1213 patients who were diagnosed of PD from January 2001 to December 2008 were selected from the Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients were traced back to determine the presence of premotor symptoms, including rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), depression, and constipation. Cox’s regression analysis was used to detect the risks between the occurrence of premotor symptoms and the outcome (including death, psychosis, accidental injury, dementia and aspiration pneumonia). In addition, the association between premotor symptoms and levodopa equivalent dosage (LED) was examined.ResultsHigher occurrence of death, dementia and aspiration pneumonia were identified in PD patients with premotor symptoms than without premotor symptoms (HR 1·69, 95% CI 1·34–2·14, p ConclusionPremotor symptoms seem to be not merely risk factors, but also prognostic factors of PD.