Analysis of pulmonary microecology and clinical characteristics of patients carrying human herpesvirus

<b>Aim:</b> To investigate the impact of human herpes virus (<i>HHV</i>) carriage on lung microbiota, and its correlation with clinical features and laboratory indicators in patients. <b>Methods:</b> Retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 outpatient lung infection cases, which were divided into <i>HHV</i> (n = 15) and non-<i>HHV</i> (n = 15) groups. mNGS detected microbial composition. Microbial diversity and abundance were tested using Shannon and Chao1 indices. Their relationship with laboratory indicators were explored. <b>Results:</b> Significant differences in microbial abundance and distribution were found between two groups (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, HHV group showed negative correlations (p &lt; 0.05) between <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Porphyromonas</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i> and basophil/eosinophil percentages. <b>Conclusion:</b><i>HHV</i> carriage impacts lung microbiota, emphasizing the need for clinicians to pay attention to <i>HHV</i> reactivation in outpatient lung infection patients. This study looked at how a common virus called human herpesvirus (<i>HHV</i>) affects the bacteria in our lungs. We wanted to see if <i>HHV</i> is linked to how sick we feel and what tests show. We split 30 people who had lung infections into two groups – 15 with <i>HHV</i> and 15 without – and checked how sick they felt, did some tests, and looked at the types of bacteria in their lungs. Both groups felt similarly sick and got better with medicine, but people with <i>HHV</i> had fewer of a certain type of blood cell. People with and without <i>HHV</i> also had different types of bacteria in their lungs. This study helps us understand why people get sick with lung infections and how to make them better. It might also help doctors decide how to treat people with lung infections. Investigated the association between <i>HHV</i> reactivation and the pulmonary microbiota and clinical features in outpatient pulmonary infection patients. Found that eosinophils and basophils in the <i>HHV</i> group were significantly lower than in the non-<i>HHV</i> group (p &lt; 0.05). No significant difference in α diversity of lung microbiota between the <i>HHV</i> and non-<i>HHV</i> groups (p &gt; 0.05), indicating similar abundance and evenness of microbiota in both groups. No significant difference in β diversity of lung microbiota between the <i>HHV</i> and non-<i>HHV</i> groups (p &gt; 0.05), suggesting similar community structure. Significant differences were observed in certain microbial taxa between the <i>HHV</i> and non-<i>HHV</i> groups (p &lt; 0.05), such as <i>Bacteroidota</i>, <i>Bacillota</i>, <i>Proteobacteria</i> at the phylum level and <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Streptococcu</i>s and <i>Veillonella</i> at the genus level. <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Porphyromonas</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> at the genus level in the <i>HHV</i> group were significantly negatively correlated with basophil percentage (p &lt; 0.05), and <i>Porphyromonas</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> were also significantly negatively correlated with eosinophil percentage (p &lt; 0.05). This study detected <i>HHV</i> reactivation in outpatient pulmonary infection patients using mNGS. <i>HHV</i> reactivation is associated with decreased eosinophils and basophils. These findings provide important clues for further research into the mechanism of <i>HHV</i> reactivation in pulmonary infection and emphasize the need to pay attention to <i>HHV</i> reactivation in outpatient pulmonary infection patients.