Female black brant body mass, ninth primary data

Body mass declines during wing moult in numerous, but not all, populations of Anatidae. We assessed two leading hypotheses for body mass dynamics during the wing moult: (1) body mass dynamics are adapted to attain a target body mass at the end of the wing moult (restraint hypothesis), versus (2) body mass dynamics reflect environmental constraint on the nutrient-energy balance during wing moult (constraint hypothesis). We used regressions of mass of breeding female Black Brent, Branta bernicla nigricans, on ninth primary length (a measure of moult stage) for each of 16 years to assess mass dynamics during wing moult and used regression equations to predict mass at the beginning and end of wing moult each year.  We also included gosling mass at 30 days (an indicator of forage availability) in models of adult mass to assess how mass dynamics varied as a function of foraging conditions. Predicted body mass (± 95% CI) at the start of wing moult (ninth primary = 0 mm) varied significantly am...