DataSheet_1_Phenotypic Parent Selection Within a Khorasan Wheat Collection and Genetic Variation in Advanced Breeding Lines Derived by Hybridization With Durum Wheat.docx

Tetraploid relatives of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husnot) represent an important reservoir of economically useful genes for development of new wheat cultivars. Two field experiments were conducted at Foggia (Italy), in the 2004 to 2006 and 2012 to 2015 growing seasons. In the first, 77 Khorasan wheat [T. turgidum subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) Á. Löve & D. Löve] accessions from 23 countries of four geographic regions (Africa, Asia, Europe, and others) were evaluated to explore breeding opportunities. Seven agronomic traits were used to describe the diversity among the accessions: days to heading (HT), plant height (PH), grain yield (GY), specific weight (SW) as an indication of the density of the grain, 1000-grain weight (TGW), protein content, and gluten content. The total Shannon–Weaver diversity index was used to estimate phenotypic diversity, which ranged from monomorphic for PC (0.39) to highly polymorphic for TGW (0.67). A high level of total variation (87%) was attributed to the within-region diversity. The accessions grouped into six clusters, and seven elite accessions were selected as parents for crosses with durum wheat. In the second experiment, ten parents (seven Khorasan accessions and three durum wheat cultivars) and 790 F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the different T. durum × T. turgidum subsp. turanicum crosses were included to study genotypic and phenotypic variability of the same agronomic traits, plus the susceptibility index (SI) for disease. The genotypic coefficients of variation were lower than the phenotypic ones for all of the traits, which showed an environment effect on expression of these traits. High broad-sense heritability (h2b > 86%) was recorded for all traits, and high h2b coupled with high genetic gain as percentage of the mean (ΔG) was observed for HT, PH, GY, and SW, and for SI. This suggests that selection for these traits will provide good responses. Four principal components explained 70% of the total variation, and the genotypes were clustered into 20 groups. According to the results, some lines could be tested in varietal registration trials, and/or could be used as a significant breeding pool for durum wheat cultivar development in Mediterranean area.

四倍体小麦（Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husnot）的亲缘品种构成了一个重要的基因库，这些基因在经济上对培育新型小麦品种具有重要意义。在意大利福贾地区，于2004至2006年和2012至2015的生长季节中，进行了两项田间实验。在首次实验中，对来自非洲、亚洲、欧洲及其他四个地理区域的23个国家中的77个Khorosan小麦（T. turgidum subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) Á. Löve & D. Löve）品种进行了评估，以探索育种机会。采用七个农业性状来描述品种间的多样性：抽穗天数（HT）、植株高度（PH）、籽粒产量（GY）、籽粒比重（SW）作为籽粒密度的指示、千粒重（TGW）、蛋白质含量和麸质含量。通过Shannon-Weaver多样性指数来估算表型多样性，其范围从PC的单一型（0.39）至TGW的高度多态型（0.67）。总变异度（87%）主要归因于区域内多样性。品种被分为六个组群，并从这六个组群中选出七个优异品种作为与硬粒小麦杂交的亲本。在第二次实验中，纳入了十个亲本（七个Khorosan品种和三个硬粒小麦品种）以及来自不同T. durum × T. turgidum subsp. turanicum杂交的790个F6重组自交系（RILs），以研究相同农业性状的基因型和表型变异，以及病害的敏感性指数（SI）。所有性状的基因型变异系数均低于表型变异系数，表明环境对这些性状的表达有显著影响。所有性状均记录了较高的广义遗传力（h2b > 86%），尤其是HT、PH、GY、SW和SI，均表现出与平均值的遗传增益百分比（ΔG）较高的联合特征，这表明对这些性状的选择将产生良好的响应。四个主成分解释了70%的总变异，基因型被分为20组。根据研究结果，一些系谱可以用于品种登记试验，并且/或者可以作为地中海地区硬粒小麦品种开发的重要育种资源。