Sphingolipid metabolism

The sphingolipid metabolites and genes (with the gene abbreviations shown in boxes, or enzyme names where gene names are ambiguous) are given for the condensation of serine and palmitoyl-CoA to form 3-ketosphinganine (3-ketoSa) by serine palmitoyltransferase, which is reduced to sphinganine (Sa), acylated to dihydroceramides, DHCer, by (DH)Cer synthases, and incorporated into more complex DH-sphingolipids (the 1-phosphate, DHCerP, sphingomyelins, DHSM, glucosylceramides, DHGlcCer, galactosylceramides, DHGalCer, lactosylceramides, DHLacCer, and sulfatides, or desaturated to Cer followed by headgroup addition. Also included are a number of the catabolic genes, e.g., sphingomyelinases, SMases, ceramidases, ASAH, sphingosine kinases, for the formation of sphinganine 1-phosphate (Sa1P) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (So1P), and phosphatases for the reverse reaction and the lyase that cleaves sphingoid base 1-phosphates to ethanolamine phosphate (EP), hexadecanal (C16:0al) and hexadecenal (C16:1al).

在本数据集中，呈现了鞘脂代谢产物及其基因信息（基因缩写以方框呈现，或酶名，若基因名称模糊不清时则使用），其中包括由丝氨酸与棕榈酰辅酶A缩合形成3-酮鞘氨醇（3-酮鞘氨醇，3-ketoSa）的过程，此过程通过丝氨酸棕榈酰转移酶催化，进而还原为鞘氨醇（鞘氨醇，Sa），并由（DH）Cer合成酶将其酰化成二氢神脂（二氢神脂，DHCer），进一步整合至更为复杂的二氢神脂类化合物（如1-磷酸二氢神脂，1-磷酸二氢神脂，鞘磷脂，二氢神脂鞘磷脂，葡萄糖神脂，二氢葡萄糖神脂，半乳糖神脂，二氢半乳糖神脂，乳糖神脂，二氢乳糖神脂，以及硫酸酯，或通过去饱和形成神脂，随后添加头部基团）。此外，还包括了一系列的降解基因，例如鞘磷脂酶（SMases）、鞘氨醇酰胺酶、ASAH、鞘氨醇激酶等，这些基因负责形成鞘氨醇1-磷酸（鞘氨醇1-磷酸，Sa1P）和鞘氨醇1-磷酸（鞘氨醇1-磷酸，So1P），以及参与逆反应的磷酸酶和裂解鞘氨醇基1-磷酸形成乙醇胺磷酸（EP）、十六烷醛（C16:0al）和十六烷烯醛（C16:1al）的裂解酶。