Summary biomechanics and energetics data of young adults walking before and after a soleus FES paradigm.

Participants completed 5-minute familiarization and baseline walking trials at 1.25 m/s. After baseline, electrodes were placed over the soleus and connected to DS7A stimulator (30 Hz, 200 μs) at each participant’s highest tolerable intensity. Two 5-minute FES walking trials were performed, with stimulation triggered when anterior–posterior ground reaction force exceeded 10% body weight. Following 20–25 minutes of rest, participants completed a 5-minute post-FES walking trial without stimulation.