Supplemental Fig. 8, Table 6, Table 7

Supplementary Figure 8. The majority-rule, time-scaled metatree phylogeny of the synapsid species sampled in our study (n = 404). This is the same phylogeny as shown in Figure 2 and Supplementary Figure 7 (and shown in sections in Supplementary Figures 1–5), but it includes tip labels. The entire metatree that includes species not sampled in our study (total n = 2,130) is provided as a separate nexus file. Supplementary Table 6. Morphological character matrices used to create the phylogenetic metatree. The names of the matrices are based on the matrix source studies (e.g., “Abdala_2007aa” is from Abdala 2007). Letters at the end of the matrix name (e.g., “aa”) refer to different publications (first letter) and different matrices within the same publications (second letter). Full references are provided in the References section. In some cases, source studies included more than one matrix, and thus our 269 matrices were obtained from 241 source studies. The 'parent matrices' are those from which the matrices are derived (and they are down-weighted during the generation of the metatree if they are used in analyses); original (or heavily revised) matrices lack a parent matrix. Supplementary Table 7. Morphometric, diet, and geologic age information on the sampled species (n = 404). This includes jaw lengths (mm), museum specimens measured for jaw lengths, dietary assignments, diet sources, assigned groups/subclades, and geologic ages (first appearance datum, FAD; last appearance datum, LAD). For non-mammalian synapsids, we note the holotype specimens because the taxonomic assignments of many taxa are especially unstable. Full references are provided in the References section. Abbreviations: L, length; m1, first lower molar; PBDB, Paleobiology Database (www.paleobiodb.org).