BPR_freshwater: v1.0.0

This dataset compiles biodiversity and environmental data from 81 freshwater datasets encompassing 36,195 study sites across lakes and rivers worldwide. The data include species abundance matrices, functional trait information, spatial coordinates, and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, representing six major aquatic taxonomic groups: phytoplankton, benthic diatoms, aquatic plants, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and fish. For each site, both taxonomic diversity (species richness, Shannon diversity) and functional diversity (functional richness and dispersion) metrics were calculated. This dataset enables the examination of biodiversity–productivity relationships (BPRs) along nutrient gradients and facilitates cross-ecosystem comparisons of functional and taxonomic responses to environmental variation. It can support future studies on ecological forecasting, global change impacts, and freshwater biodiversity conservation. Data have been harmonized across datasets to ensure compatibility and reusability.