X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Physical concepts and experimental processes

Nature and processes involving charged particles, such as electrons and protons, are extensively studied by high school students and in undergraduate courses. The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy technique, for example, is developed from physical phenomena of photon and matter interaction. This analytical technique is increasingly used in the characterization of terrestrial rocks, in space missions to Mars, as well as in meteorite analysis. Thus, the objective of this work is to present in a synthesized and simple way the concepts of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Thus, it is not part of the proposal to have a detailed deepening of the technique, and for greater specificities, readers will be able to obtain through complementary materials and with the assistance of more specialized technicians in the equipment of interest. Finally, some spectra obtained through the use of the technique on a Martian meteorite will be presented and the results briefly explained. It is hoped that this will serve as initial and support material for students who are beginning to develop scientific interests and are looking for alternative techniques for their research, such as the connection between physical concepts and their applicability.