Numerical modelling and mapping the dynamic pulse of Gemlik Bay for sustainable coastal water management

Gemlik Bay is a semi-closed coastal water which is one of the most congested regions around the Sea of Marmara (SoM) where environmental monitoring and modelling has a pivotal role. This study aims modelling of sea surface current, temperature and salinity dynamics in Gemlik Bay for sustainable coastal water management. The unique geomorphology of Gemlik Bay induces cyclonic and anticyclonic currents, influenced by wind forces. The prevailing wind direction in the area is from the northeast, contributing to anticyclonic water circulation and higher current speeds in the northwest part of Gemlik Bay. The heat transport model highlights seasonal variations, indicating that the east part of Gemlik Bay is warmer than the west during March and June, with a reversal in September and December. The Burgaz Depression, characterized by the highest bathymetry, exhibits lower surface temperatures and higher salinity. The hydrodynamics of the system revealed in this study is evident that Gemlik coastal water has limitations in renewability themselves against increasing pressure. The model outputs provide valuable insights for enhancing environmental management strategies considering United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in the region, as the modeled parameters are essential for comprehending the dynamic processes within the SoM.