Bees use anthropogenic habitats despite strong natural habitat preferences

Aim: Habitat loss and alteration are widely considered one of the main drivers of current pollinator diversity loss. Yet little is known about habitat importance and preferences for major groups of pollinators, although this information is crucial to anticipate and mitigate the current decline of their populations. We aim to rank and assess the importance of different habitats for bees, to determine the preference for and avoidance of particular habitat types by different bees, and to quantify the diversity of bees within and among habitats. Location: Northeastern US. Time period: The sampling was done over 15 years (2001-2015). Major taxa studied: Apoidea Methods: We used an unprecedented extensive dataset of >15,000 bee specimens, comprising more than 400 species collected across northeast USA. We extracted habitat information from the points and used network analyses, null models comparisons and beta-diversity analysis to assess habitat importance, habitat preference, use and dive...