Italian households' annual out-of-pocket expenditure on pharmaceuticals increased overall from 2012 to 2023. Indeed, as the graph shows, after starting at approximately 9.4 billion euros in 2012,
*Data were from Chaiyaphum, Sisaket and Ubon Ratchathani hospitals from 2004 to 2010, Loei hospital from 2006 to 2010, Mahasarakham and Nakhon Phanom hospitals from 2007 to 2010, Nong Khai, Udon Thani