Effects of flooding on Lagos metropolis

Flooding has become a persistent and destructive hazard affecting Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria, resulting in widespread socio-economic, infrastructural, and environmental challenges. This study investigates the causes, effects, and mitigation responses to flooding in five local government areas within the cit; Agege, Alimosho, Surulere, EtiOsa, and Idi-Araba. Primary data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to residents in flood-prone areas using a snowball sampling technique, while secondary data were sourced from literature, government reports, and online resources. The findings revealed that the primary causes of flooding include intense rainfall, poor and inadequate drainage systems, indiscriminate waste disposal, and unregulated construction on natural water channels. The impacts of flooding were significant, with 87% of respondents reporting their homes had been inundated, while others reported collapsed buildings, polluted water sources, health problems, and transportation disruption. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test established a significant relationship between flooding and increased transportation fares. The study concludes that both physical factors and human activities contribute to flood risk in Lagos. Recommendations include the enhancement of drainage infrastructure, public awareness on waste management, and enforcement of urban planning regulations. The study provides critical insights for urban planners, emergency response agencies, and policymakers aimed at building a more resilient Lagos.<br>