Table_1_“CATAStrophy,” a Genome-Informed Trophic Classification of Filamentous Plant Pathogens – How Many Different Types of Filamentous Plant Pathogens Are There?.DOCX

The traditional classification of fungal and oomycete phytopathogens into three classes – biotrophs, hemibiotrophs, or necrotrophs – is unsustainable. This study highlights multiple phytopathogen species for which these labels have been inappropriately applied. We propose a novel and reproducible classification based solely on genome-derived analysis of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) gene content called CAZyme-Assisted Training And Sorting of -trophy (CATAStrophy). CATAStrophy defines four major divisions for species associated with living plants. These are monomertrophs (Mo) (corresponding to biotrophs), polymertrophs (P) (corresponding to necrotrophs), mesotrophs (Me) (corresponding to hemibiotrophs), and vasculartrophs (including species commonly described as wilts, rots, or anthracnoses). The Mo class encompasses symbiont, haustorial, and non-haustorial species. Me are divided into the subclasses intracellular and extracellular Me, and the P into broad and narrow host sub-classes. This gives a total of seven discrete plant-pathogenic classes. The classification provides insight into the properties of these species and offers a facile route to develop control measures for newly recognized diseases. Software for CATAStrophy is available online at https://github.com/ccdmb/catastrophy. We present the CATAStrophy method for the prediction of trophic phenotypes based on CAZyme gene content, as a complementary method to the traditional tripartite “biotroph–hemibiotroph–necrotroph” classifications that may encourage renewed investigation and revision within the fungal biology community.

传统的真菌和卵菌纲植物病原菌分类为三大类——生物营养型、半生物营养型和坏死营养型——已无法持续。本研究突出了多个植物病原菌物种，这些物种的分类标签已被不适当地应用。我们提出了一种新颖且可重复的分类方法，该方法仅基于基因组中碳水化合物活性酶（CAZyme）基因含量的分析，称为CAZyme辅助的-营养型分类与排序（CATAStrophy）。CATAStrophy为与活植物相关的物种定义了四个主要分类，即单营养型（Mo）（对应生物营养型）、多营养型（P）（对应坏死营养型）、中营养型（Me）（对应半生物营养型）和维管营养型（包括通常描述为萎蔫、腐烂或黑斑病的物种）。Mo类包括共生体、吸器和非吸器物种。Me分为细胞内和细胞外Me亚类，而P分为广宿主和窄宿主亚类。这总共给出了七个独立的植物致病类群。该分类为这些物种的性质提供了洞见，并为开发针对新识别的疾病的管理措施提供了便捷的途径。CATAStrophy软件可在https://github.com/ccdmb/catastrophy上在线获取。我们提出CATAStrophy方法，基于CAZyme基因含量预测营养型表型，作为传统三分法“生物营养型-半生物营养型-坏死营养型”分类的补充方法，这可能鼓励真菌生物学领域内进行新的调查和修订。