Dataset for: Estimation of particulate organic carbon export to the ocean from lateral degradations of tropical peatland coasts

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Title Ground level data in Bengkalis Island Meteorological observations peat core analysis Wind data 10minutes daily precipitation Water level distributions Water level 10 minutes Carbon stocks relative to depth Area-Volume/Area relationship of a peat mass movement Area-Volume/Area relationship of a peat mass movement Area-Volume/Area relationship of a peat mass movement Cumulative coastline retreat by land cover type elevations of DTM Evaluation of resolution-induced errors using Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery Relationship between Landsat 8 NDVI and Sentinel-2 NDVI Relationship between maximum wind speed and significant_StM Relationship between Sentinel-2 NDVI and vegetation cover Time series of estimated vegetation covers (A1) in landslideaffected Time series of estimated vegetation covers (A2) in landslideaffected Time series of land area (A2) in landslideaffected 2. Authors 2. Authors 2. Authors 2. Authors 2. Authors 2. Authors 2. Authors 2. Authors 2. Authors 2. Authors 2. 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Authors Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki Koichi YamamotoHiroki KagawaSigit SutiknoMuhammad HaidarNoerdin BasirAtsushi KoyamaAriyo KannoYoshihisa AkamatsuMotoyuki Suzuki 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3. Description 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations 3.1 Locations Meskom Village, Bengkalis Island, Riau, Indonesia 1.56205°N 102.26414° E 9 mH above ground (Selat Baru station:) 1°36'8.91"N 102°1'18.65"E Elevation: 6.77 m at P1 1.56916°N 102.01326°E3 m above ground for Perapat Tunggal 1.56205°N 102.26414° E 9 m above ground Meskom Village, Bengkalis Island 1°36' 3.132" N102°1'18.12" E 1°36'8.91"N 102°1'18.65"E Elevation: 6.77 m at P1 Bengklalis Island, Indonesia Bengklalis Island, Indonesia Bengklalis Island, Indonesia Bengklalis Island, Indonesia Bengklalis Island, Indonesia Bengklalis Island, Indonesia Bengklalis Island, Indonesia 1°36'1.3197"N102°0'9.8473"E Bengklalis Island, Indonesia Bengklalis Island, Indonesia Bengklalis Island, Indonesia Bengklalis Island, Indonesia 1.56916°N 102.01326°E3 mH above ground (Perapat Tunggal station) 1°36'6.96"N 102°1'18.46"E Elevation: 8.34 m at P2 1.56205°N 102.26414° E 9 m above ground for Selat Baru 1°36'6.96"N 102°1'18.46"E Elevation: 8.34 m at P2 1°35'55.0"N 102°01'17.8"E Elevation: 8.55 m at P3 1°35'55.0"N 102°01'17.8"E Elevation: 8.55 m at P3 1°35'5.712"N 102°0'32.436"E Elevation: 3.20 m at P4 1°35'5.712"N 102°0'32.436"E Elevation: 3.20 m at P4 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 3.2 Date/time 2013 Aug. - 2016 Sep. 2018-2021 2014 Aug. 20 at P1, 2014 Aug. 20 atP2, 2017 Sep.7 at P3, 2016 Sep.7 at P4 2018/1/1 - 2018/12/31 for Perapat Tunggal_2018_10mintues_csv.csv and Selatbaru_2018_10minutes_csv.csv2021/1/1 - 2021/12/31 for Perapat Tunggal_2021_10mintues_csv.csv and Selatbaru_2021_10minutes_csv.csv 1 December 2014 to 31 January 2015 24-Aug-13 1 December 2014 to 31 January 2015. 2014 Aug. 20 at P1, 2014 Aug. 20 atP2, 2017 Sep.7 at P3, 2016 Sep.7 at P4 March 4, 2017July 29, 2018 March 4, 2017July 29, 2018 March 4, 2017July 29, 2018 January 5, 2018 to January 8, 2022 3 Oct 20178 Feb 201812 Mar 201810 Nov 201927 Oct 20201 Dec 20219 Dec 202119 Feb 2022 October 3, 2017, February 8, 2018, March 12, 2018, November 10, 2019, December 12, 2019, August 8, 2020, October 27, 2020, March 4, 2021, December 1, 2021, December 9, 2021 and February 19, 2022: oil palm plantation, peat swamp forest, barren roadOctober 3, 2017, February 8, 2018, March 12, 2018, November 10, 2019, October 27, 2020, December 1, 2021, December 9, 2021 and February 19, 2022: oil palm plantation: mangroveOctober 3, 2017, February 8, 2018, March 12, 2018, November 10, 2019, December 12, 2019, October 27, 2020, March 4, 2021, December 1, 2021, December 9, 2021 and February 19, 2022: tidal flatOctober 3, 2017, February 8, 2018, March 12, 2018, November 10, 2019, December 12, 2019, August 8, 2020, October 27, 2020, December 1, 2021, December 9, 2021 and February 19, 2022: shrimp farm November 4, 2019 16:00:00 to January 13, 2020 8:00:00 22 Mar 2017: Sentinel-2 NDVI, 4 Mar 2017: vegetation cover April 15, 2013 to October 19, 2017 April 15, 2013 to March 12, 2018 October 22, 2014 to March 30, 2018 This dataset contains ground elevation data, which was acquired by RTK-GNSS survey at peatlands in Bengkalis Island, Indonesia.The purpose of this dataset is to measure the effect of peat landslide.The coordinate of the data set is written in the UTM 48N coordinates. The elevation of the data is not based on the local coordinates of Geospatial Information Agency.The base point of the coordinate is referenced from the base point in front of the Civil Engineering Department Building in Bengkalis State Polytechnic,Indonesia (UTM-N 161378.20 m, UTM-E 182796.51 m, Elevation 3.26 m) This dataset contains meteorological observations collected on Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. Measurements were conducted at two coastal sites: Selat Baru and Perapat Tunggal over the period 2018 to 2021. The dataset was compiled to support analyses of how weather conditions influence coastal erosion processes and peat mass movement in the study area. This dataset contains depth-resolved peat soil properties measured in peatlands on Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. The data provide peat property values for multiple depth intervals, representing original field and/or laboratory observations collected from the study area. This dataset contains wind direction and wind speed observations recorded at Perapat Tunggal, Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. The dataset was compiled to document local meteorological conditions. It provides frequency data for the maximum wind speed observed within each 10-minute interval and the corresponding wind direction. This dataset contains precipitation observations recorded at Selat Baru, Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. The dataset was compiled to document local meteorological conditions during the period when peat mass movement occurred in the area. It provides daily precipitation totals measured at Selat Baru. Selat Baru station This dataset contains canal water level measurements collected on 24 August 2013 in the Meskom oil palm plantation on Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. The dataset was compiled to support comparison between DTM elevations and observed canal water levels. It documents spatial variations in canal water level along a north–south transect, showing how water levels change in the north–south direction. This dataset contains groundwater level observations recorded in the Meskom oil palm plantation on Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. The dataset was compiled to help identify the timing of peat mass movement events in the study area. It provides groundwater level measurements at 10-minute intervals. This dataset contains depth-profile carbon stock data for peat soils collected at four sites in peatlands on Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. The dataset was compiled to support estimation of particulate organic carbon (POC) exported to the ocean due to lateral degradation processes. Carbon stock values were calculated from field survey measurements, and the dataset provides carbon stock estimates by soil depth for each site. This dataset contains measurements used to describe the relationship between the area and volume of peat mass movement events that occurred on Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. It was compiled to support estimation of peat mass movement volume from the landslide-affected area. The dataset includes observed event area and volume, as well as a normalized metric calculated as volume divided by area (i.e., volume per unit area). This dataset contains data used to characterize the relationship between the area and volume of peat mass movement events on Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. The dataset was compiled to support estimation of peat mass movement volume from the landslide-affected area. It provides 95% confidence interval information associated with the area–volume relationship (e.g., uncertainty bounds for the volume estimates derived from event area). This dataset contains data used to characterize the relationship between the area and volume of peat mass movement events on Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. The dataset was compiled to support estimation of peat mass movement volume from the landslide-affected area. It provides 95% confidence interval information associated with the area–volume relationship (e.g., uncertainty bounds for the volume estimates derived from event area). This dataset contains results derived from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery to quantify coastal erosion on Bengkalis Island, Indonesia, stratified by land cover type. The dataset was produced to examine how coastal erosion varies across different land cover classes. The analysis was conducted using 359 Sentinel-1 SAR images, and the dataset provides the processed outputs describing coastal erosion by land cover. This dataset contains elevation values from a generated Digital Terrain Model (DTM) for the Meskom oil palm plantation on Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. The dataset was compiled to provide DTM-derived elevations as numerical data. It represents the variation in DTM elevation along a north–south direction within the plantation area. This dataset contains numerical data quantifying trace (delineation) errors attributable to differences in spatial resolution between Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery used in the study. The dataset was compiled to document and compare tracing accuracy when mapping landslide-affected areas from the two satellite sensors. It includes the areas (surface area measurements) of landslide-affected zones delineated separately using Landsat 8 images and Sentinel-2 images. This dataset contains Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values derived from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery used in the study. The dataset was compiled to compare differences in NDVI values between the two sensors. It provides NDVI measurements for multiple land cover types, reported separately for Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2. This dataset contains significant wave height and maximum wind speed data derived from offshore wave observations near the Meskom oil palm plantation on Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. Significant wave height was calculated from measured wave height records. The dataset was compiled to examine the relationship between wind speed and wave conditions in the study area. This dataset contains vegetation cover estimates calculated from Sentinel-2–derived NDVI and VARI used in the study. The dataset was compiled to examine the relationship between NDVI and vegetation cover. Values were compared using a defined region of interest (ROI) in northwestern Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. This dataset contains a time series of Landsat 8 NDVI values and corresponding vegetation cover estimates for a landslide-affected area, obtained from EO Browser and used in the study. The dataset was compiled to help identify the timing of peat mass movement events by tracking vegetation condition changes over time. The values were extracted and compared within a defined region of interest (ROI) in northwestern Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. This dataset contains a time series of Landsat 8 NDVI values and corresponding vegetation cover estimates for a landslide-affected area, obtained from EO Browser and used in the study. The dataset was compiled to help identify the timing of peat mass movement events by tracking vegetation condition changes over time. The values were extracted and compared within a defined region of interest (ROI) in northwestern Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. This dataset contains a time series of coastal peatland area derived from analysis of Sentinel-1 SAR imagery used in the study. The dataset was compiled to help identify the timing of peat mass movement events by tracking changes in coastal peatland extent over time. Values were extracted and compared within a defined region of interest (ROI) in northwestern Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. 4. Keywords 4. Keywords 4. Keywords 4. 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Keywords ground level, peatland, Bengkalis Island wind speed, precipitation, Bengkalis island dry density, carbon density, moisture content, peat, Bengkalis island WindDirection, WindSpeed, Bengkalis Precipitation, Bengkalis island water level, Bengkalis island water level, Bengkalis island carbon stocks, peatland, Bengkalis island peat mass movement, landslide-affected area, Bengkalis peat mass movement, landslide-affected area, Bengkalis peat mass movement, landslide-affected area, Bengkalis coastine retreat, Bengklais island DTM, Bengkalis island resoulution-induced errors, landsat8, sentinel-2 NDVI, landsat8, sentinel-2 wind speed, siginificant wave height, Bengkalis island NDVI, vegetation cover, sentinel-2 vegetation cover, landslide-affected area, peat mass movement vegetation cover, landslide-affected area, peat mass movement landslide-affected area, peat mass movement 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type 5. Resource Type Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset Dataset 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 6. Publication Date 2026‑02‑01 2026‑02‑01 2026‑02‑01 2026‑02‑01 2026‑02‑01 2026‑02‑01 2026‑02‑01 2026-02-01 2026-02-01 2026-02-01 2026-02-01 2026-02-01 2026-02-01 2026-02-01 2026-02-01 2026-02-01 2026-02-01 2026-02-01 2026-02-01 2026-02-01 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 7. Version 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information 8. File Information Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:RTK_GNSS_24-08-2013.csv : Coordinates of the ground surface on 24 Aug.,2013.RTK_GNSS_11-03-2014.csv : Coordinates of the ground surface on 11 Mar.,2014.RTK_GNSS_26-08-2014.csv : Coordinates of the ground surface on 26 Aug.,2014.RTK_GNSS_10-01-2015.csv : Coordinates of the ground surface on 10 Jan.,2015.RTK_GNSS_25-08-2015.csv : Coordinates of the ground surface on 25 Aug.,2015.RTK_GNSS_22-11-2015.csv : Coordinates of the ground surface on 22 Nov.,2015.RTK_GNSS_07-09-2016.csv : Coordinates of the ground surface on 07 Sep.,2016. Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Meteorological observations.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:peat core analysis_P1.csv: data of P1peat core analysis_P2.csv: data of P2peat core analysis_P3.csv: data of P3peat core analysis_P4.csv: data pf P4 Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Perapat Tunggal_2018_10minutes_csv.csvPerapat Tunggal_2021_10minutes_csv.csvSelatbaru_2018_10minutes_csv.csvSelatbaru_2021_10minutes_csv.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Precipitation_Selat_Baru.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Water_level_24-08-2013.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Water_level_WP1.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Carbon stocks relative to depth.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Area-Volume/Area relationship of a peat mass movement.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Area-Volume/Area relationship of a peat mass movement_95%lower.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Area-Volume/Area relationship of a peat mass movement_95%upper.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Cumulative coastline retreat by land cover type.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:elevations of DTM.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Evaluation of resolution-induced errors using Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Relationship between Landsat 8 NDVI and Sentinel-2 NDVI.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Relationship between maximum wind speed and significant_StM.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Relationship between Sentinel-2 NDVI and vegetation cover.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Time series of estimated vegetation covers (A1) in landslideaffected.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Time series of estimated vegetation covers (A2) in landslideaffected.csv Format: CSV (UTF‑8)File Description:Time series of land area (A2) in landslideaffected.csv 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List 9. Variable List UTM-E(m): Easting which is written in the UTM 48N coordinates.UTM-N(m): Northing which is written in the UTM 48N coordinates.Elevation (m) : Elevation in meter. year: year of measurement.month: month of measurementmaximum wind speed(m/s)_Selatbaru: Maximum wind speed measured in Selat Baru over a month.maximum wind speed (m/s)_Perapat Tunggal: Maximum wind speed measured in Perapat Tunggal over a month.Cumulative precipitation (mm/month)_Selatbaru: Monthly precipitation measured at Selat Baru station.Cumulative precipitation (mm/month)_Perapat Tunggal: Selatbaru: Monthly precipitation measured at Perapat Tunggal station. depth(m): peat soil depth.dry density(g/cm3): Dry density of peat soil.carbon density(g/cm3): Carbon density of peat soil.moisture content(%): Moisture content of peat soil. Time: date and timeWindDirection: Maximum wind direction for 10 minutes.WindSpeed: Maximum wind speed for 10 minutes.Frequency: 10-minute maximum wind speed and wind direction frequency. date: Observation date.Precipitation (mm/day): daily precipitation at Salat Baru. UTM-N (m): Northing which is written in the UTM 48N coordinates.UTM-E (m): Easting which is written in the UTM 48N coordinates.water level (m): water level in meter. yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm: Observation time.Water level(m): water level in meter. depth(m): peat soil depth.carbon stocks(t/m2): Carbon in peat soil per unit area. Area: Landslide-affected area. Volume/Area: The average decline of the elevation by a peat mass movement event. Area: Landslide-affected area. 95%upper: Upper 95% confidence interval. Area: Landslide-affected area. 95%lower: Lower 95% confidence interval. start: Analysis start date.Finish: Analysis finish date.erosion area_oil palm plantation (㎡): Coastal erosion area in oil palm plantation area.oil palm plantation (m): Coastal erosion in oil palm plantation area.erosion area_peat swamp forest (㎡): Coastal erosion area in peat swamp forest area.peat swamp forest (m): Coastal erosion in peat swamp forest area.erosion area_mangrove (㎡): Coastal erosion area in mangrove area.mangrove (m): Coastal erosion in mangrove area. UTM-N(m): Northing which is written in the UTM 48N coordinates.Elevation(m): Elevation of DTM in meter. Date: Date of acquisition of image data.ALS (ha)_Landsat8: Landslide-affected area of Landsat8.ALS (ha)_Sentinel-2: Landslide-affected area of Sentinel-2. Land Cover: Land cover of the analysis area.NDVILandsat8: NDVI from landsat8NDVISentinel-2: NDVI from sentinel-2 Maximum wind speed(m/s): Maximum wind speedSiginificant wave height (m): Siginificant wave height at St.M NDVI_Sentinel-2: Sentinel-2 NDVI.Vegetation_cover: Vegetation cover calculated using VARI. date: Date of image data used for analysis.NDVI: Landsat NDVIVC: NDVI converted to vegetation cover.cloudCoveragePercent: cloud coverage percent of acquired image data. date: Date of image data used for analysis.NDVI: Landsat NDVIVC: NDVI converted to vegetation cover.cloudCoveragePercent: cloud coverage percent of acquired image data. date: Date of image data used for analysis.Area(*10^4): land area. 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology 10. Methodology RTK-GNSS survey with Sokkia GRX-1 Logger: SESAME II-05d by Midori Engineering Institute, Japan.The weather transmitter: WXT 530 series by VAISALA, Finland. A Dutch-style peat sampler (DIK-105A, Daiki Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan) and CHN analyser (JM-10 analyser, J-Science Lab., Kyoto, Japan). SESAME II-05d (Midori Engineering Institute) SESAME II-05d (Midori Engineering Institute) HOBO U-20 water level logger. HOBO U-20 water level logger. A Dutch-style peat sampler (DIK-105A, Daiki Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan) and CHN analyser (JM-10 analyser, J-Science Lab., Kyoto, Japan). Aerial photogrammetry-derived DSMs were used to establishthe relationship between the area and the loss of thepeat volume by peat mass movement events. Aerial photogrammetry-derived DSMs were used to establishthe relationship between the area and the loss of thepeat volume by peat mass movement events. Aerial photogrammetry-derived DSMs were used to establishthe relationship between the area and the loss of thepeat volume by peat mass movement events. Using 359 Sentinel-1 SAR images acquired from 5 January2018 to 8 January 2022, the average cumulative coastlineretreat was calculated for each land cover type namely, themangrove belt, oil palm plantation, and peat swamp forest. Methodology of removal of vegetation from DEMNAS data. Trace multiple times using GIS and compare. The statisticalanalysis of NDVI allowed for the calculation of average valueswithin the selected polygons and the assessment of temporal changes over the specified period. SESAME II-05d (Midori Engineering Institute) and a pressure-typememory wave gauge (INFINITY-CTW) aerial photography results and Sentinel-2 NDVI The statisticalanalysis of NDVI allowed for the calculation of average valueswithin the selected polygons and the assessment of temporal changes over the specified period. The statisticalanalysis of NDVI allowed for the calculation of average valueswithin the selected polygons and the assessment of temporal changes over the specified period. The long-term changes observed in SAR imagery. 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality 11. Notes on Data Quality The data has been rejected at the measurement on the bridge on the peatland. The period of abnormal values was treated as N/A. Use of original data. Use data from years with no outliers or no data. Use data only for as long as you need it. Use data only for the required section, Use data only for as long as you need it. Data obtained at four locations was used. 95% confidence intervals are shown. 95% confidence intervals are shown. 95% confidence intervals are shown. Image processing was carried out prior to analysis. Comparison with RTK-GNSS survey results. Multiple data trials and t-tests were conducted. Multiple data trials and t-tests were conducted. t-tests were conducted. Multiple data trials and t-tests were conducted. Uses multi-pixel NDVI data Uses multi-pixel NDVI data Image processing was carried out prior to analysis. 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. License 12. 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Related Works 14. Related Works 14. Related Works 14. Related Works 14. Related Works 14. Related Works 14. Related Works 14. Related Works 14. Related Works 14. Related Works N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information 15. Funding Information This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). This research has been supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant no. 26303015 and 17H01668). 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors 16. Contributors Dr. Noerdin Basir, Bengkalis State Polytechnic, Indonesia: SurveyDr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editingDr. Muhammad Haidar: Survey Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr.Sigit Sutikno: SurveyDr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing Dr. Koichi Yamamoto: Data analysisMr. Hiroki Kagawa: Data editing