TABLE 1 in New Early Cretaceous palynology of the Southeastern Khorat Plateau, Northeastern Thailand: palaeobotanical, palaeoclimatic, and palynophytogeographical implications

TABLE 1. — Palynomorphs identified in the Sao Khua Fm, with their botanical affinities and climate signal. References: 1, Abbink et al. 2004; 2, Alvin 1982; 3, Atfy et al. 2019; 4, Balme 1957; 5, Balme 1995; 6, Boulter & Windle 1993; 7, Couper 1958; 8, Dettmann 1963; 9, Dettmann 1986; 10, Dettmann et al. 1992; 11, Filatoff 1975; 12, Friis et al. 2004; 13, Guignard et al. 2009; 14, Harris 1979; 15, Hubbard & Boulter 1997; 16, Ji 1994; 17, Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert 1971; 18, Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert 1993; 19, Krutzsch 1963; 20, Li 1984; 21, Liu et al. 2024; 22, Mander 2011; 23, Rodríguez-Barreiro et al. 2024; 24, Santos et al. 2022; 25, Song et al. 1986; 26, Song et al. 1999; 27, Traverse 2007; 28, Trevisan 1971; 29, Volkheimer et al. 2009; 30, Weerakoon et al. 2021; 31, Weyland & Krieger 1953; 32, Wheeler et al. 2022; 33, Yang et al. 2007; 34, Ziaja 2006. Symbol: *, grains less than 10. Abbreviation: Gr., Grains. sk22sk23sk24sk25Climate signalBotanical affinityTaxaGr.Gr.%Gr.%Gr.Ferns spore–5031.067219.89–––Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis (Cookson & Dettmann) Dettmann, 1963–10.62–––Warm and wetSphagnaceae (8, 19, 33)Foraminisporis asymmetricus (Cookson & Dettmann) Dettmann, 1963–––10.28–Warm and wetSphagnaceae (8, 19, 33)Densoisporites sp.–––10.28–Warm and wetPleuromeaceae/ Selaginellaceae (5, 27, 31)Foveosporites sp.–––20.55–Warm and wetSelaginellaceae (4, 5)Neoraistrickia sp.–––20.55–Warm and wetLycopodiaceae / Selaginellaceae (8, 10)Verrucosisporites granatum (Bollkh.) Gao & Zhao, 1976–––10.28–Warm and wetSelaginellaceae (27, 33)Verrucosisporites obscurilaesuratus Pocock, 1962–––10.28–Warm and wetSelaginellaceae (27, 33)Verrucosisporites scitulus Yu & Zhang, 1982–––10.28–Warm and wetSelaginellaceae (27, 33)Verrucosisporites sp.–31.86–––Warm and wetSelaginellaceae (27, 33)Leptolepidites cf. psarosus Norris, 1969–10.62–––Warm and wetLycopodiaceae (6, 11)Leptolepidites verrucatus Couper, 1953–––10.28–Warm and wetLycopodiaceae (6, 11)Punctatisporites sp.–1911.8123.31–Warm and wetLepidocarpaceae (5)Calamospora sp.–10.62–––Warm and wetLycopodiaceae, Equisetales (5, 11)Apiculatisporites sp.–10.62–––Hot and wetLycopodiaceae, Selaginellaceae (11)Baculatisporites sp.–––10.28–Warm and wetPteridophyta, Osmundaceae (11)Osmundacidites sp.–––10.28–Warm and wetOsmundaceae (5, 6, 7, 11)Biretisporites potoniaei Delcourt & Sprumont, 1955–42.4810.28–Warm and wetHymenophyllaceae (23)Biretisporites punctatus Wan & Sun, 2014–––10.28–Warm and wetHymenophyllaceae (23)Biretisporites sp.–21.2410.28–Warm and wetHymenophyllaceae (23)Converrucosisporites minimus Yu & Miao, 1983–––20.55–Hot and wetDicksoniaceae (5)Cicatricosisporites cf. paucistriatus Han, 1983–––10.28–Hot and wetAnemiaceae (23)Cicatricosisporites cf. potomacensis Brenner, 1963–––10.28–Hot and wetAnemiaceae (23)Cicatricosisporites cf. pseudoaurifer (Bolkh.) Li,1959–––20.55–Hot and wetAnemiaceae (23)Cicatricosisporites cf. subrotundus Brenner, 1963–––10.28–Hot and wetAnemiaceae (23)Cicatricosisporites cuneiformis Pocock, 1964–––10.28–Hot and wetAnemiaceae (23)Cicatricosisporites minutaestriatus (Bolkh.) Pocock, 1964–10.62–––Hot and wetAnemiaceae (23)Cicatricosisporites paucistriatus Han, 1983–10.6210.28–Hot and wetAnemiaceae (23)Cicatricosisporites solidus (Pu & Wu) Jia, 1986–––10.28–Hot and wetAnemiaceae (23)Cicatricosisporites sp.–42.4851.38–Hot and wetAnemiaceae (23)Concavissimisporites emarcidus Yu,1984–21.24–––Hot and wetLygodiaceae (23)Concavissimisporites punctatus (Delcourt & Sprumont) Brenner, 1963–––61.66–Hot and wetLygodiaceae (23)Concavissimisporites verrucosus Delcourt & Sprumont,1955–––10.28–Hot and wetLygodiaceae (23)Impardecispora apiverrucata (Couper) Venkatachala, Kar & Raza, 1969–––41.1–Hot and wetCyatheaceae (1, 24)Impardecispora cf. breve (Martynova) Yu, 1989–10.6220.55–Hot and wetCyatheaceae (1, 24)Klukisporites sp.–21.24–––Hot and wetLygodiaceae (23)Matonisporites?–––10.28–Hot and wetGleicheniaceae (23)Schizaeoisporites sp.–––30.83–Hot and drySchizaeaceae (25, 26)Todisporites major Couper, 1958–10.62–––Warm and wetOsmundaceae (11, 24)Todisporites sp.–10.62–––Warm and wetOsmundaceae (11, 24)Trilobosporites sp.–––10.28–Hot and wetSchizaeaceae (3, 11, 24, 29)Pterisisporites minor Li, 1984–––10.28–Hot and wetPteridaceae (20)Pterisisporites undulatus Sung & Zheng in Sung & Li, 1976–––30.83–Hot and wetPteridaceae (20)Cyathidites australis Couper,1953–31.8610.28–Hot and wet Hot and wetCyatheaceae (23)Cyathidites minor Couper, 1953–10.62–––Cyatheaceae (23)Deltoidospora irregularis (Pflug) Sung & Tsao, 1976–––10.28–Hot and wetDipteridaceae, Matoniaceae (5, 6, 7, 13, 18, 22)Deltoidospora sp.–––10.28–Hot and wetDipteridaceae, Matoniaceae (5, 6, 7, 13, 18, 22)Dictyophyllidites sp.–––20.55–Hot and wetDipteridaceae, Matoniaceae (6, 7, 11, 13, 18)Undulatisporites sp.–––10.28–Hot and wetOphioglossaceae (25)Laevigatosporites gracilis Wilson & Webster, 1946–––20.55–Warm and wetOphioglossaceae (25)Tenuicontactosporites cretacius Han, 1983–10.62–––Hot and wetUnknownTaxaGr.Gr.%Gr.%Gr.Gymnosperms pollen–11168.9429080.11–––Araucariacites australis Cookson, 1947–63.7320.55–Warm, semiarid-semihumidAraucariaceae (5, 9, 17)Araucariacites sp.–––30.83–Warm, semiarid-semihumidAraucariaceae (5, 9, 17)Callialasporites dampieri (Balme) Sukh Dev, 1961–10.62–––Warm, semiarid-semihumidAraucariaceae (5, 6, 11, 15, 17)Callialasporites trilobatus (Balme) Sckh Dev, 1961–––10.28–Warm, semiarid-semihumidAraucariaceae (5, 6, 11, 15, 17)Psophosphaera grandis Bolkhovitina, 1956–––10.28–Warm, semiarid-semihumidAraucariaceae (16)Psophosphaera undata (Bolkhovitina) Zhang,1978–––20.55–Warm, semiarid-semihumidAraucariaceae (16)Psophosphaera sp.–––10.28–Warm, semiarid-semihumidAraucariaceae (16)Classopollis sp.*159.32339.12*Hot and aridCheirolepidiaceae (7, 14, 34)Dicheiropollis etruscus Trevisan, 1971–8150.3121559.39*Hot and aridCheirolepidiaceae (28)Concentrisporites leptos Yu & Zhang, 1982–––20.55–Cool and semihumidCupressaceae (1, 2, 24)Concentrisporites opimus Yu & Zhang, 1982–––20.55–Cool and semihumidCupressaceae (1, 2, 24)Concentrisporites sp.–––30.83–Cool and semihumidCupressaceae (1, 2, 24)Perinopollenites limatus Lu & Wang, 1983–––20.55–Cool and semihumidCupressaceae (1, 2, 24)Exesipollenites sp.–––10.28–Cool and semihumidCupressaceae (1, 2, 24)Taxodiaceaepollenites sp.–53.1110.28–Cool and semihumidCupressaceae (1, 2, 24)Pinuspollenites minutus (Zakl.) Sung & Zheng,1978–––10.28–Cool and semidryPinaceae (5)Pinuspollenites sp.–––10.28–Cool and semidryPinaceae (5)Podccarpidites sp.–––10.28–Cool and humidPodocarpaceae (25, 30)Cycadopites elongatus (Balkh.) Zhang, 1978–––10.28–Hot and semiaridCycadales, Bennettitales, Ginkgoales (5, 11)Cycadopites sp.–31.86113.04–Hot and semiaridCycadales, Bennettitales, Ginkgoales (5, 11)Eucommiidites sp.–––41.1–Hot and semiaridCycadales, Gnetales (32)Jugella rallus Yu, 1984–––10.28–AridEphedrales, Gnetales (12, 21)Jugella sp.–––20.55–AridEphedrales, Gnetales (12, 21)Caytonipollenites sp.–––10.28–Warm and wetCaytoniaceae (25)Total*161–362100*