Investigating the Impact of Microalgae-Based Consolidants on Paper Nanostructure using Small Angle Neutron Scattering

The long-term preservation of paper-based cultural heritage necessitates sustainable conservation treatments. This study proposes a Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) experiment to investigate the effects of a novel microalgae polysaccharide-based consolidant on paper's nanoscale structure, comparing it to the traditional Funori. This bio-based material shows promise as an environmentally friendly alternative. SANS will uniquely probe changes in paper porosity and its relation to mechanical properties after treatment. Utilizing neutron sensitivity to H/D contrast variation, we aim to quantify water distribution within the cellulose matrix under varying humidity. This will reveal how these consolidants interact with cellulose fibers at the nanoscale, affecting the interfacial area and potentially paper stability. The results will optimize and validate this innovative conservation method for modern, aged, and historical paper. Prior characterization via FTIR, GC-MS, antioxidant assays, DLS, rheometry, and SAXS supports the potential of microalgae extracts and hydrogels, justifying this SANS investigation.