HISTORY OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN CONTEMPORARY SPATIAL ANALYSIS

This article examines the historical development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and highlights their growing importance in the context of contemporary technological progress. The study analyzes the current applications of GIS, modern software tools used for land measurement and spatial analysis, and the integration of advanced technologies such as GPS, remote sensing, and digital cartography. Particular attention is paid to the practical use of GIS in land management, cadastre, environmental monitoring, and planning processes. In addition, the advantages and limitations of GIS technologies are critically evaluated, and practical recommendations are proposed in accordance with modern socio-economic and technological requirements.