Genetics of Prostate Cancer in Africa

African Americans (AA) suffer from the highest rates of Prostate Cancer (CaP) in the world, but while men of African descent around the world suffer disproportionately from CaP compared to men of other races or ethnicities, our understanding of the reasons for these disparities remains incomplete. To date, few exposure, lifestyle, or environmental influences have been identified in CaP etiology. In contrast, CaP is among the most heritable of common cancers, and over 290 susceptibility loci have been identified. However, many of these loci have not been replicated in AA, in part because of limited African descent sample sizes, incomplete capture of African alleles, and a limited understanding of African genomic architecture. To better understand the etiology of CaP in African descent men, we established a large, multicenter consortium known as “Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate” (MADCaP). Using resources of this consortium, we have undertaken a multicenter study of CaP in Sub-Saharan Africa, enrolling CaP cases from 7 institutions in 4 countries in Africa (Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana, and South Africa) and age matched controls from the same institutions. We designed a novel genotyping array, in partnership with Thermo Fisher Scientific, leveraging its Applied BiosystemTM AxiomTM Genotyping solution, to provide good coverage of African genomic variation, as well as incorporating cancer loci, with the goal of being able to fine-map existing prostate cancer loci, as well as mapping novel loci. The data available encompasses genotyping our Africa cohort on this array.]]>
Genetic Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer in Africa, Control Age Frequency MatchingCase Inclusion criteria: Prostate Cancer diagnosis by histological confirmation within the 6 month-period prior to date of recruitment. Age 30 and older at Prostate Cancer diagnosis. Male resident of the catchment area defined by each center. Self identifies as black/African ancestry with no known European/Middle Eastern/Asian ancestry (parents, grandparents). For example, in S. Africa would exclude coloured designation. Departments of potential recruitment: Urology, Oncology, Primary referrals (ensure that is within the catchment area).
Case Exclusion criteria: Other cancer diagnosis, except non-melanoma skin cancer prior to ascertainment. Not current resident of catchment area, ie. traveled for clinic visit from another location. Failed cognitive assessment and/or unable to consent into study; e.g. patients with Alzheimer, Schizophrenia, Severe Bipolar Disorders.
Control Inclusion criteria: Male resident from the same catchment area from which cases arose (defined by each center). Age 30 and older. Self identifies as black/African ancestry with no known European/Middle Eastern/Asian ancestry (parents, grandparents). For example, in S. Africa would exclude coloured designation. Recruitment through non-urology and non-oncology clinics to include Orthopaedic, Internal medicine, Family medicine, General surgery (not including urology), Gastrointestinal, Geriatrics (Elderly services), Neurosurgery, Dermatology, Cardiology, Ophthalmology, Blood Donation Services. Drawn from the same catchment area from which cases arose (defined by each center).
Control Exclusion criteria: Any cancer diagnosis prior to ascertainment, except non-melanoma skin cancer. Failed cognitive assessment testing and/or unable to consent into study. Patients without cancer seen in Oncology and Urology clinics. Resident outside the center’s defined catchment area ie. traveled for clinic visit from another location.

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MADCaP has been in existence as an international consortium for twenty years, over which time protocols, data collection instruments, codebooks, databases ,and biosampling and biobanking have been developed. The current study builds on those cumulative efforts]]>