Integrating pharmacogenomics in three Middle Eastern countries’ healthcare (Lebanon, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia)

Background and Objectives: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) leverages genomic
information to tailor drug therapies, enhancing precision medicine.
Despite global advancements, its implementation in Lebanon, Qatar, and
Saudi Arabia faces unique challenges in clinical integration. This study
aimed to investigate PGx attitudes, knowledge implementation, associated
challenges, forecast future educational needs, and compare findings across
the three countries. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized an
anonymous, self-administered online survey distributed to healthcare
professionals, academics, and clinicians in Lebanon, Qatar, and Saudi
Arabia. The survey comprised 18 questions to assess participants'
familiarity with PGx, current implementation practices, perceived
obstacles, potential integration strategies, and future educational needs.
Results: The survey yielded 337 responses from healthcare professionals
across the three countries. Data revealed significant variations in PGx
familiarity and educational involvement. Qatar and Saudi Arabia
participants were more familiar with PGx compared to Lebanon (83%, 75%,
and 67%, respectively). Participation in PGx-related talks was most
prevalent in Saudi Arabia (96%), followed by Qatar (53%) and Lebanon
(35%). Key challenges identified included test cost and reimbursement,
insufficient physician knowledge, and lack of infrastructure. Lebanon
reported the highest concern for test costs (16%), compared to the lowest
in Saudi Arabia (5%). Despite these challenges, a strong consensus emerged
on PGx's potential to improve patient outcomes, with over 86% of
respondents in all three countries expressing this belief. Educational
interest areas varied by country, with strong interest in PGx for cancer
chemotherapy in Saudi Arabia and Lebanon and for diabetes mellitus in
Qatar. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant influence of
varied educational backgrounds and infrastructural limitations on PGx
implementation across Lebanon, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. The findings
emphasize the need for targeted strategies in each country to address
these distinct barriers. Integrating PGx education into healthcare
training programs and clinical workflows could unlock PGx's potential
to optimize patient care.