Range size and rank of North American families from the Eocene to Pleistocene.

Range sizes are converted to a log10 scale and a percentage based on the total range size of all terrestrial mammalian families included during each epoch. Rank of family within each epoch is relative to other families present in that epoch through the Pleistocene: Eocene-Pleistocene (n = 10), Oligocene-Pleistocene (n = 16), Miocene-Pleistocene (n = 22), Pliocene-Pleistocene (n = 28).
1Families containing taxa that went extinct during the terminal Pleistocene extinction in North America [37].
2Families completely absent in North America, excluding re-introductions.
3Families containing at least one extinct or extant megafaunal taxon (≥45 kg; based on data from [22], [33], [39]–[42]).