Navel Orange Peel Essential Oil Inhibits the Growth and Progression of Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a particular type of breast cancer with the highest mortality rate and there has been growing concern about the development of essential oils as potential anti-cancer drugs.This investigation explored the bioactivity and molecular mechanisms of navel orange peel oil (NOPEO) against TNBC cells. By initiating cell cycle block and apoptosis, NOPEO demonstrated potent growth suppressive properties on the TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453. NOPEO was also effective in inhibiting the motility of MDA-MB-231 cells and in down-regulating the levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 proteins. Additionally, NOPEO's inhibitory effects on MDA-MB-231 gene expression were analysed by RNA sequencing. In total, 1376 genes were found to be upregulated and 1335 genes were downregulated after NOPEO treatment. According to KEGG and GO pathways, the differentially expressed genes were related to MAPK, Jak/stat and FoxQ signalling pathways. To investigate the mechanism of action of navel orange essential oil against triple-negative breast cancer. The samples were 50ppm NOPEO treated MDA-MB-231 cells for 24 hours , the DMSO treated cells as control.