Improve frozen-thawing goat epididymal spermatozoa quality through Prosopis farcta and Rosa canina with trehalose sugar

Cryopreservation, although useful for semen preservation, has several undesirable effects on semen quality. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of R. canina and P. farcta supplemented with trehalose sugar on the quality of goat epididymal sperm. This study consisted of two experiments in which 48 testes were collected from 24 healthy buck goats aged 2-3 years. In the first experiment, 150 µg/ml of R. canina level improved viability, acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), DNA fragmentation, and motility in frozen-thawed sperms (P < 0.05). Also, 150 µg/ml of P. farcta ethanolic extract improved sperm viability, acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity, LPO, DNA fragmentation, and motility compared to the control group in the freezing-thawing process (P<0.05). In the second experiment, including 150 µg/ml P. farcta alone, with 100 mM trehalose, or with 150 µg/ml R. canina, increased sperm viability, acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity, and motility (P<0.05). It decreased LPO and DNA fragmentation levels in frozen-thawed epididymal goats' spermatozoa (P<0.05). In conclusion, adding 150 µg/ml of ethanolic extract of R. canina or P. farcta to a basic extender can improve sperm viability, acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity, LPO, DNA fragmentation, and motility. Furthermore, the inclusion of 150 µg/ml P. farcta alone or with 100 mM trehalose, or in combination with 150 µg/ml R. canina, can optimize the basic extender for goat sperm cryopreservation, thereby further enhancing the quality of frozen-thawed sperm and improving the success rate of artificial insemination and the production of normal embryos.