Fecal microbiome of human infants fed breastmilk or formula. Feeding infants formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membrane-enriched whey protein concentrate

The aim of the study was to determine 1) whether supplementing probiotics (Lactobacillus paracasei) or milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in infant formula narrowed down the fecal microbiome differences between breastfed and formula-fed infants, 2) to what extent was probiotics or MFGM supplement effective in modulating the gut microbiota structure in formula fed infants; and 3) whether the gut microbiota signatures associated with the clinical data exist.