Census of Population and Housing - 1981 - Sri Lanka

Abstract
---------------------------

The Census Ordinance states that it shall be lawful for the Minister,” from time to time by order published in the gazette, to direct that a census be taken of the population, as he may deem necessary for ascertaining the demographic, social, or economic conditions of the inhabitants of Sri Lanka” . [Source - Census of Population and Housing 1981 Report.]

The Census of Population 1981 provides statistical data from the national to the village level on demographic and basic socio-economic characteristics of the people of Sri Lanka. Findings on the Population by Administrative Subdivisions provide the background for feasibility studies of various development projects, the skeleton for building up of master plans, bench mark data for monitoring development activities, measurements for assessing levels and trends of demographic characteristics of the people of Sri Lanka.

The officers of DCS who were selected for 1981 census activities were in overall charge of major activities such as questionnaire design, manual preparation, sampling, printing, data processing etc. Administrative responsibilities for taking of the census was decentralized and authority was vested with the Govt. District administration and the local body administration.

Major activities of Census 81 were questionnaire preparation, consultation and cooperation (conferences and review meetings), infrastructure and enumeration (village listings), Financial management and budgeting, Publicity and training, Tabulation and Dissemination of Census Data.

Geographic coverage
---------------------------

National coverage

Analysis unit
---------------------------

Individuals
Households

Universe
---------------------------

In Sri Lanka censuses, the method of enumeration has been 'de-facto' persons : enumeration was done at the place they were found on the census night.

All residents living in the housing units in Sri Lanka on the final census night plus the mobile population including tourists.

Kind of data
---------------------------

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
---------------------------

The schedules were printed in all three languages.

Two types of Census schedules (General and Sample) were used to collect census info. Sample schedule contained all the topics included in the General Schedule together with additional topics in migration and housing. In addition, a disability schedule was circulated to cover total blindness, total deafness, dumbness and loss or paralysis of an arm or leg. Topics covered by the schedules were as follows:-

General Schedule - Number of Households, Relationship to h/Household, Sex, Religion, Ethnic group, Citizenship, Physical infirmity, Date of Birth and age, Marital status, Attendance at school or other educational institute, Educational attainment, Literacy Sinhala/English/Tamil, Principal activity during last 30 days, Whether sought work, Reasons for not seeking work, Period of search for work, Principal occupation or kind of work, Kind of industry, business or service, Employment status, Distance from usual residence to place of work or school, Principal mode of travel to place of work or school.

Additional items on Sample Schedule - Migration, Place of birth, Place of usual residence, Period of stay in the town or village of usual residence, District of previous residence and Housing characteristics such as Description of unit, Type of structure, Number of Households in the unit, No of usual occupants, Year of completion, Principal materials of construction of walls/ roof/floor, No of rooms, Main source of drinking water, Toilet facilities, Principal type of lighting, Principal cooking fuel, Tenure of unit.

Disability - Name of disabled person, Sex, Age, Place of Birth, Whether blind/deaf/dumb, Age at which blindness/ deafness/dumbness occurred, Cause of blindness/deafness/dumbness ,Disability in hand, Age at which disability in hands occurred, Cause of disability in hands, Disability in legs, Age at which disability in legs occurred, Cause of disability in legs, Other disabilities, Means of livelihood, Whether living in an institution, Occupation.

Cleaning operations
---------------------------

Manual Editing and Coding was confined to the following checks -

1. Ensuring that area identification codes were inserted.
2. Whether age is recorded, if not impute age
3. Ensuring that the District of birth and District of previous residence have been coded by the enumerator.

Coding was confined in respect of three instances namely, educational attainment, Occupation and Industry.
Initial coding was verified 100% but when the error rate progressively dropped verification was restricted to 10% and later to a 1% sample.

A series of edit checks were carried out on the computer and the records containing errors were printed out for manual corrections. Error records were corrected under standard instructions sometimes by checking against original schedules. Corrected records were re-entered and passed through the edit checks and error records were printed out once again for manual correction. The process was repeated until the error rate was less than 2.5%.

摘要
----------------------------------------
《人口普查条例》规定，部长应有权不时发布命令，在政府公报上公布，指令进行人口普查，以确定斯里兰卡居民的族群、社会或经济状况，视其认为必要。 [资料来源 - 1981年人口与住房普查报告。]
1981年人口普查提供了从国家到村庄级别的统计数据，包括斯里兰卡人民的族群和基本社会经济特征。按行政区域划分的人口普查结果为各种发展项目的可行性研究提供了背景，为制定总体规划奠定了基础，为监测发展活动提供了基准数据，以及评估斯里兰卡人民人口特征水平和趋势的测量指标。
1981年普查活动的官员负责主要活动，如问卷设计、手工准备、抽样、印刷、数据处理等。普查的行政责任被下放，权力赋予了政府地区行政机构和地方行政机构。
1981年普查的主要活动包括问卷准备、咨询与合作（会议和审查会议）、基础设施和人口统计（村庄列表）、财务管理与预算、宣传与培训、人口普查数据的汇编与传播。
地理覆盖范围
----------------------------------------
全国覆盖
分析单元
----------------------------------------
个人
家庭
总体
----------------------------------------
在斯里兰卡的人口普查中，人口统计的方法是‘事实上的’个人：在普查之夜，对他们在被发现的地方进行统计。
在普查之夜居住在斯里兰卡住房单位的所有居民，包括流动人口，如游客。
数据类型
----------------------------------------
人口普查/人口统计数据 [cen]
数据收集方式
----------------------------------------
面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
----------------------------------------
问卷以三种语言印刷。
使用了两种类型的人口普查问卷（一般和样本）来收集人口普查信息。样本问卷包含一般问卷中的所有主题，以及关于迁移和住房的附加主题。此外，还发放了一份残疾问卷，以涵盖完全失明、完全失聪、哑巴和肢体瘫痪或失能的情况。问卷涵盖的主题如下：
一般问卷 - 家庭数量、与家庭的关系、性别、宗教、民族、国籍、身体残疾、出生日期和年龄、婚姻状况、上学或其他教育机构出勤情况、教育成就、僧伽罗语/英语/泰米尔语识字、过去30天的主要活动、是否寻找工作、未寻找工作的原因、寻找工作的期限、主要职业或工作类型、行业、商业或服务类型、就业状况、从通常居住地到工作或学校地点的距离、前往工作或学校的主要交通方式。
样本问卷的附加项目 - 迁移、出生地、通常居住地、在通常居住的城镇或村庄的居住期限、先前居住地的行政区、住房特征，如单位描述、结构类型、单位中的家庭数量、通常居住人数、完工年份、墙壁/屋顶/地板的主要建筑材料、房间数量、饮用水的主要来源、厕所设施、主要照明类型、主要烹饪燃料、单位的租赁期限。
残疾 - 残疾人姓名、性别、年龄、出生地、是否失明/失聪/哑巴、失明/失聪/哑巴发生的年龄、失明/失聪/哑巴的原因、手的残疾、手的残疾发生的年龄、手的残疾的原因、腿的残疾、腿的残疾发生的年龄、腿的残疾的原因、其他残疾、谋生手段、是否居住在机构中、职业。
清理操作
----------------------------------------
手工编辑和编码仅限于以下检查 -
1. 确保已插入区域识别代码。
2. 如果没有记录年龄，则估算年龄。
3. 确保出生地和先前居住地的行政区已被普查员编码。
编码仅限于三个实例，即教育成就、职业和行业。
初始编码的验证率为100%，但随着错误率的逐步下降，验证被限制在10%，后来降至1%的样本。
在计算机上执行了一系列编辑检查，并打印出包含错误的记录以进行手工更正。错误记录在标准指令下进行更正，有时通过检查原始问卷进行核对。更正后的记录被重新输入，并通过编辑检查，一旦错误率低于2.5%，错误记录再次打印出来进行手工更正。该过程重复进行，直到错误率低于2.5%。