<b>Pangolin scales as adaptations for innate immunity against pathogens</b>

Supplementary Figures, Supplementary Tables, Supplementary Methods, and Original Data from this study, are presented as Additional file A, Additional file B, Additional file C, and Additional file D, respectively. <br><b>Additional </b><b>f</b><b>ile </b><b>A</b><b>:</b> Figures S1-S8. Figure S1: Species identification of pangolin scales used in the metagenomic analyses. Figure S2: Bacterial 16S gene PCR amplification. Figure S3: Scale microbiome analyses at the genus level. Figure S4: Genome reconstruction and completeness of the topmost abundant bacteria species generated from whole-genome shotgun sequencing data. Figure S5: Species identification of pangolin scales used in the proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Figure S6: Comparative analysis of 94 scale protein-set. Figure S7: Metabolomic and proteomic differences. Figure S8: Comparative metabolomics analysis between scale and skin surface.<b>Additional </b><b>f</b><b>ile </b><b>B</b><b>:</b> Tables S1-S16. Table S1: A list of sequences used in this study. Table S2: Summary stats of scale microbiomes. Table S3: List of 61 prominent proteins identified in pangolin scale. Table S4: GO term enrichment analysis of 61 scale proteins. Table S5: Distribution of 61 scale proteins across exosome-producing cells and tissues. Table S6: STRING-annotated 61 proteins identified in pangolin scale. Table S7: List of 94 prominent proteins identified in pangolin scale. Table S8: Gene Ontology Biological Process enrichment analysis of 94 scale proteins using STRING database. Table S9: Distribution of 94 scale proteins across exosome-producing cells and tissues. Table S10: List of 78 prominent metabolites identified in pangolin scale. Table S11: Screening of 33 metabolites in pangolin scales for antibacterial effects at 12 hours. Table S12: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of metabolite or combination of metabolite against <i>E. coli </i>and <i>S. aureus</i>. Table S13: Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of metabolite combination against<i> E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i><i>. </i>Table S14: List of 70 metabolites identified on the skin surface of pangolins. Table S15: List of 12 differentially expressed metabolites between scale and skin. Table S16: List of 14 proteins identified on the skin surface of pangolins].<b>Additional </b><b>f</b><b>ile </b><b>C</b><b>:</b> Systemic methodologies for this study.<b>Additional file D:</b> Original images from this study.