Group comparisons between REM-deprivation group and control group for short-term memory and the emotional state after the experimental night.

Short-term memory is measured by the digit span total score; emotional state of the participants is measured by the ratings on the 9-point self-assessment manikin (SAM) valence (1 =  happy, pleased, content, optimistic; 9 =  unhappy, bugged, discontent, sad, desperate) and arousal (1 =  relaxed, calm, lazy, sleepy; 9 =  excited, frantic, nervous, wide awake, aroused) scales.