Resistance mechanisms, patterns of inheritance, evolutionary origins and prevalence of mutations conferring insecticide resistance.

*“While phylogenetic analysis of these haplotypes suggests that the Asp137 and Leu251 mutations each arose at least twice, evidence for recombination was detected across the region, therefore single origins for these resistance mutations cannot be ruled out.” [9].
∧The number of species/subspecies of B. tabaci has recently been questioned [46]. If the results above are from different species then findings of multiple origins of resistance need to be interpreted with care.