Physical activity in Brazil: lessons from ELSA-Brasil. Narrative review

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) was conducted among civil servants at six higher education institutions located in six Brazilian state capitals. The objective of this review was to identify the publications produced within the scope of ELSA-Brasil that analyzed the participants’ physical activity. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review study using baseline data from ELSA-Brasil. METHODS: Narrative review of Brazilian studies on physical activity produced using data from ELSA-Brasil participants. RESULTS: The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among ELSA-Brasil participants was low (44.1% among men and 33.8% among women). The main factors associated were social (higher schooling and family income), environmental (living in places with conditions and opportunities for physical activity) and individual (not being obese, being retired, not smoking and positive perception of body image). The perception of facilities for walking in the neighborhood was positively associated with both LTPA and commuting-related physical activity. An active lifestyle was a protective factor against several cardiometa-bolic variables (hypertension, diabetes, lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular risk over the next 10 years). Comparison between LTPA and commuting-related physical activity showed that only LTPA had a protective effect against arterial hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of physical activity among ELSA-Brasil participants was low. The main determinants were social, environmental and personal. LTPA had a greater protective efect on cardio-metabolic outcomes than did commuting-related physical activity.

背景与研究目的：巴西成人健康纵向研究（Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, ELSA-Brasil）在巴西6个州府城市的6所高等教育机构的公务员群体中开展。本次综述的目的为梳理依托ELSA-Brasil研究数据、针对研究对象体力活动展开分析的相关学术成果。
研究设计与研究现场：本综述采用ELSA-Brasil研究的基线数据完成。
研究方法：本研究采用叙述性综述方法，对依托ELSA-Brasil研究对象数据开展的巴西体力活动相关研究进行梳理。
研究结果：ELSA-Brasil研究对象的休闲时间体力活动（leisure-time physical activity, LTPA）检出率较低，男性为44.1%，女性为33.8%。与休闲时间体力活动相关的主要影响因素可分为三类：社会因素（受教育程度更高、家庭收入更高）、环境因素（居住于具备体力活动条件与机会的区域）以及个体因素（无肥胖、已退休、不吸烟且对自身体像感知良好）。对社区步行设施的感知情况与休闲时间体力活动及通勤相关体力活动均呈正相关。积极的生活方式可对多项心脏代谢相关指标（高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常以及未来10年心血管疾病风险）起到保护作用。对比休闲时间体力活动与通勤相关体力活动的效应可见，仅休闲时间体力活动可对动脉高血压起到保护作用。
研究结论：ELSA-Brasil研究对象的体力活动检出率较低，主要影响因素可分为社会、环境与个体三类。休闲时间体力活动对心脏代谢相关结局的保护作用优于通勤相关体力活动。