Population-level hyper-parameter (95% credible intervals) for effect of salvage-logging of beetle-killed stands on avian occupancy rates (α), Fremont and Winema National Forests, south-central, Oregon, USA, 1996–1998.

A positive estimate indicates that occupancy was greater on harvested plots and a negative estimate indicates that occupancy was less on harvested plots. We considered 4 scenarios: 1.) detection and occupancy priors were diffuse; 2.) detection intercept priors informed by prior information; 3.) occupancy priors (the treatment effect) informed by prior information; and 4.) both detection intercept and occupancy treatment effect priors informed by prior information.