Short-term exposure to the Bacillus thuringiensis protein Cry1Fa poses no threat to the insect predator Propylaea japonic

Cry1Fa treatment significantly changed the structure, but not the composition, of the P. japonica microbial community. These findings indicate that alterations in the microbial community caused by temporary Cry1Fa treatment had no measurable effects on P. japonica biology, indicating that the Cry1Fa concentrations found in the field may be harmless to P. japonica.