Data-Driven Leadership in the Digital Era: Bibliometric Insights on Digital Competence and Transformational Leadership Research in Indonesia

Abstract-This research examines how digital competence and transformational leadership in Indonesian organizations, addressing the growing need for leaders who can effectively combine visionary thinking with digital literacy in the era of technological disruption. The main problem identified is the limited integration of digital competence into leadership frameworks within Indonesia, which hampers organizational adaptability and innovation. The primary objective of this study is to examine existing research patterns, identify knowledge gaps, and assess theoretical advancements concerning these two constructs. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) supported by bibliometric analysis through VOSviewer, the study analyzes 345 Scopus-indexed journal articles published between 2015 and 2026. The analysis focuses on publication trends, thematic clusters, and collaboration networks to map the illustrating the intellectual landscape of this academic domain. Results indicate a significant increase in publications after 2020, peaking in 2024, and the emergence of five dominant themes: digital transformation, leadership effectiveness, innovation capability, organizational performance, and human resource development. Despite growing scholarly interest, Indonesian research remains fragmented with limited collaboration beyond education and HR sectors. The study concludes that integrating digital competence within transformational leadership constitutes a new paradigm essential for improving innovation and organizational performance. Theoretically, it expands transformational leadership models by incorporating digital adaptability, while practically, it offers insights for designing leadership development programs aligned with digital transformation goals.