Background The concept 'vulnerability' is prevalent in the public domain, health care, social institutions and multidisciplinary research. Conceptual heterogeneity is present, hampering the creation o
Maternal morbidity and mortality are very important public health issues. The quality of health care is depicted by or demonstrated by maternal and perinatal outcomes. The poorer these outcomes are, t
□Mean birthweight in grams (standard deviation).*Mean gestational age in days (standard deviation).†Mean birthweight by gestational age z-score (standard deviation).•Mean maternal age in years (standa
