Data and code from: Parental Incubation Mode Mediates Incubation Attentiveness Across Ecological and Life-History Trait Gradients in Passerine Birds

This dataset includes the file "ATT_data.csv" and "R_code_for_analyses.R".<b>In ATT_data.csv:</b>Species: The scientific name of each species.Family: Family name.Daytime_constancy: Daytime nest attentiveness of each study population of each species (%).Amb_temp: Mean ambient temperature during the main incubation months (°C).Longitude: Longitude of each study population.Latitude: Latitude of each study population.IncubationMode: Incubation mode of each species (uni: uniparental; bi: biparental).Ref_Inc_data: References to sources of incubation data.Nest_type: Nest type of each species.Ref_Nest_type: References to sources of nest type data.Body_mass: Adult body mass of each species (g).Ref_Body_mass: References to sources of adult body mass data.Clutch_size: Clutch size of each species.Ref_Clutch_size: References to sources of clutch size data.<br>MethodsData in this study involves 466 populations of 307 passerine species of 58 families. As daytime nest attentiveness was the most commonly reported measure, we used it as a proxy for parental incubation investment. This metric, calculated as the proportion of total daytime hours that any parent bird spends in incubating, reflects relative rather than absolute investment. Since we aimed to assess the balance between incubation and self-maintenance, this metric is appropriate for interpopulation comparisons.Data on average daytime nest attentiveness, incubation mode, mean ambient temperature during main incubation months, and study site coordinates for each population were primarily obtained from four studies (Matysioková et al. 2011; Matysioková and Remeš 2013; Matysioková and Remeš 2018; Austin et al. 2019), supplemented by additional published literature (see our dataset for more information). For uniparental incubators, where only average on- and off-bout durations (i.e., the time length on and off the nest) were reported, we estimated daytime nest attentiveness using the formula: [mean on-bout duration / (mean on-bout duration + mean off-bout duration)], following Matysioková and Remeš (2014) who demonstrated a high correlation between this estimate and direct measurements. However, for biparental incubators, where both parents usually attend incubation alternatively and thus the average on- and off-bout durations of males and females cannot be used to calculate the daytime nest attentiveness, only studies that directly reported daytime nest attentiveness were included.In cases where data on the mean ambient temperature during incubation were missing, we followed Matysioková and Remeš (2018) to estimate it. We first extracted the geographic coordinates of the study location from the source literature. If they were not provided, we located the field site on Google Earth and used the central coordinates of the region. We then obtained the study year and the primary months of incubation and extracted mean monthly temperatures using the updated CRU TS3.21 climate dataset (0.5° resolution; Harris et al. 2014).Data on nest structure were categorized into open, domed and cavity nests, as described by Medina et al. (2022). Given the small sample sizes of biparental incubators building domed or cavity nests, and their better thermal buffering capacities compared to open nests (Mainwaring et al. 2014; Martin et al. 2017), we combined domed and cavity nests into the category of enclosed nests for analyses. Data on clutch size and adult body mass were mainly obtained from Székely et al. (2022). Other missing life-history data were supplemented from Birds of the World (birdsoftheworld.org) and other published literature (see our dataset for details).