Evidence for a role of Anopheles stephensi in the spread of drug- and diagnosis-resistant malaria in Africa

Anopheles stephensi, an Asian malaria vector, continues to expand across Africa. The vector is now firmly established in urban settings in the Horn of Africa. Its presence in areas where malaria resurged suggested a possible role in causing malaria outbreaks. Here, using a prospective case–control design, we investigated the role of An. stephensi in transmission following a malaria outbreak in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia in April–July 2022. Screening contacts of patients with malaria and febrile controls revealed spatial clustering of Plasmodium falciparum infections around patients with malaria in strong association with the presence of An. stephensi in the household vicinity. Plasmodium sporozoites were detected in these mosquitoes. This outbreak involved clonal propagation of parasites with molecular signatures of artemisinin and diagnostic resistance. To our knowledge, this study provides the strongest evidence so far for a role of An. stephensi in driving an urban malaria outbreak in Afric..., Data collection: Data on the socio-demographic, epidemiological, intervention, and travel history were collected verbally using pre-tested questionnaires which were uploaded to mobile tablets using REDCap tools. The entomological survey data and intervention availability were scored by the study data collectors. Malaria case incidence data (from January 2019 to May 2022) were collected from the records of both private and public health facilities (n=34).
Data processing:  Data collection tools (mobile application version 5.20.11) were prepared and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools hosted at AHRI. CSV files exported from REDCap were analyzed using STATA 17 (StataCorp., TX, USA), RStudio v.2022.12.0.353 (Posit, 2023), QGIS v.3.22.16 (QGIS Development Team, 2023. QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project), and GraphPad Prism 5.03 (Graph Pad Software Inc., CA, USA). All statistical analyses were performed in RStudio with packages lme4 (g..., CSV files exported from REDCap were analyzed using STATA 17 (StataCorp., TX, USA), RStudio v.2022.12.0.353, QGIS v.3.22.16 (QGIS Development Team, 2023. QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project), and GraphPad Prism 5.03 (Graph Pad Software Inc., CA, USA). All statistical analyses were performed in Rsoftware (4.12) with packages lme4 (generalized linear mixed models) and dcifer. Amplicon sequencing data was processed using cutadapt (v4.1) and DADA2 (v3.16)., # Data from: Evidence for a role of *Anopheles stephensi* in the spread of drug- and diagnosis-resistant malaria in Africa

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This data set contains information related to data collected at individual level (case control study), malaria trend data from the health system, laboratory results, and entomology survey. The data set consists of five CSV files (dd_cc_individual_data, HH_level_entomology_data, Secondary_data_dd, Secondary_data_DHIS2 and Mosquito_data_field_lab). The two CSV files contain the data collected during the data collection (dd_cc_individual_data and HH_level_entomology_data) from April to July 2022. The dd_cc_individual_data file contains data collected during the study period from the study participants on their infection status (as measured by rapid diagnostic tests(RDT), microscopy, and quantitative species-specific polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) that targeted 18S small rRNA subunit), sociodemographic, intervention utilization, and malaria predisposing factor...