Akaike’s Information criteria (AICc) of linear mixed-effects models1 to examine relationships of covariates2 with home-range size (km2; 95% a-local convex hull) of female grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

1Results based on log transformation of home-range size and z-score transformation of WBP and DI.2Covariates: period = pre-impact (1989–1999) and impact (2007–2012) periods, cohort = age class, DI = density index, WBP = proportion of whitebark pine in home range adjusted for tree mortality during the impact period.Year and individual bear were included as random effects. The number of locations used to create each home range was included in all models. Density index (DI) was the only covariate for which the 95% confidence interval for the model-averaged beta estimate did not overlap zero.