АНАЛИЗ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ЭНЕРГОТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО СЫРЬЯ

The analysis of numerous scientifi c works shows that the intensive development of innovative types of technology exceeds the development of the methodological foundations of power engineering management. There are no clear comparisons of the energy effi ciency of electrical technologies and heat technologies, since different types of energy are used; there are no objective indicators of energy effi ciency in various technologies of dehydration of raw materials. The present study proposes a methodology based on the hypothesis that when comparing energy effi ciency in the processing of raw materials, objective results can be obtained through a system analysis of the entire energy conversion chain from fuel to a fi nished product. The research purpose is to experimentally prove the validity of this hypothesis. The author suggests using the indicator of the share of fuel energy in the fi nished product and the amount of moisture removed when burning 1 kg of fuel. This fi gure does not depend on fl uctuations in energy prices, which may vary for different countries. The paper presents an heat balance analysis of drying and evaporation plants. It is shown that with the same technical tasks, non-optimized evaporation is several times more effi cient than the optimized drying process. The authors present structural models of energy conversion in combined processes for the production of concentrated food products. The energy effi ciency of using fuel in conventional drying, evaporation, and cryoconcentration techniques has been calculated. The obtained parameters are compared with the data for innovative models of machines developed by the author. It is shown that the evaporating installations developed by the author are not inferior in effi ciency to conventional ones, and allow obtaining concentrates up to 90 brix. The developed microwave dryers and unit freeze installations signifi cantly exceed the effi ciency of their counterparts, allowing to withdraw, respectively, up to 6 and 100 kg of moisture, while conventional dryers for fuels with an oil equivalent of 40 MJ per 1 kg can remove no more than 3 kg of moisture, and cryoconcentrators – 20 kg.