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Correction of the Electromagnetic Wave Speed Formula

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Zenodo2026-09-30 更新2026-10-01 收录
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Standard physics treats the speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum as a universal constant c, defined as c = 1/√(ε₀μ₀). Within the framework of World Quantum Theory (WQT), this paper starts from the ontological definitions of voltage and current in the companion papers [2][3], combined with the permittivity and permeability derived in [4], and obtains: 1 / √(ε_m · μ_p) = c · √(d/v) where d is the radial velocity component, v is the tangential velocity component, and c is the speed of light. This result is not a constant — it depends on the particle's motion state through the ratio d/v. For the terrestrial electron where d ≈ c and v ≈ 10⁶ m/s, this gives 1/√(ε_m·μ_p) ≈ 16.55c, not c. Standard physics obtains 1/√(ε₀μ₀) = c through the product ε₀·μ₀ = 1/c², in which the kinematic factors encoded in ε₀ and μ₀ cancel. The standard formula is not a universal law — it is the result of a specific encoding into the electromagnetic constants. Keywords: electromagnetic wave speed, World Quantum Theory, permittivity, permeability, static energy, dynamic energy, motion-state dependence

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2026-09-30
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