Effects of using two traits to estimate functional diversity based on unique functional volume, 1D(T), or functional dispersion, 1D(T*).

For each set of results, the top row is functional diversity values based on only one of the 8 trait structures from Table 3. Remaining rows indicate changes to functional diversity values that result from consideration of two traits for each possible combination of trait structures. For each combination of 2 traits, diversity was calculated with the traits being positively correlated (r = 1.0), negatively correlated (r = −1.0), or randomly associated. Negative and positive values indicate a reduction or increase in functional diversity, respectively. Functional diversity reductions or increases greater than 1.0 are in bold or italic text, respectively.