Metapathway biotransformation Phase I and II

Biotransformation is the chemical modification (or modifications) made by an organism on a chemical compound. If this modification ends in mineral compounds like CO2, NH4+, or H2O, the biotransformation is called mineralisation. Biotransformation means chemical alteration of chemicals such as nutrients, amino acids, toxins, and drugs in the body. It is also needed to render non-polar compounds polar so that they are not reabsorbed in renal tubules and are excreted. Biotransformation of xenobiotics can dominate toxicokinetics and the metabolites may reach higher concentrations in organisms than their parent compounds. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotransformation] Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the [https://assays.cancer.gov/available_assays?wp_id=WP702 CPTAC Assay Portal]

生物转化是指生物体对化学化合物进行的化学修饰（或修饰过程）。若此修饰过程以矿物化合物如CO2、NH4+或H2O结束，则称为矿化。生物转化涉及体内如营养素、氨基酸、毒素和药物等化学物质的化学改变，同时也是将非极性化合物转化为极性化合物所必需，以避免其在肾小管中被重吸收并排出体外。外来化合物的生物转化可能主导毒代动力学，其代谢产物在生物体内的浓度可能高于其母体化合物。相关通路上的蛋白质具有通过[https://assays.cancer.gov/available_assays?wp_id=WP702 CPTAC检测门户]可获得的靶向检测方法。