Insulin resistance promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression: mechanisms of HIF1A-mediated lactate production and immune escape

There exists a close association between diabetes mellitus and the onset and progression of various malignancies, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with insulin resistance (IR) serving as a crucial bridge between diabetes and HCC. However, the specific mechanistic role of IR in HCC remains elusive. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the impact of diabetes on the prognosis of HCC patients, deeply investigate the effects of IR on the biological characteristics of HCC and its underlying mechanisms, and examine the influence and mechanisms of IR-induced excess lactate on macrophage function.