Working memory capacity and structure in monolinguals, bilinguals, and multilinguals

Previous studies have shown that learning other languages affects working memory capacity and structure. In the current study, we explored if the working memory capacity and structure are different among monolingual, bilingual and multilingual young adults. Digit Span and Corsi Block (both forward and backward versions) were used to measure verbal and visuospatial working memory. We found little difference in working memory capacity between the different group. Principal component analysis revealed two working memory components for bilingual and multilingual group but one component for monolinguals. The results indicate greater specialization in working memory modality in bilingual and multilingual adults.